Dermaxime anti-aging skin care cosmetics     

      

 

Home
Products
Ordering
Shipping
About Us
Search
FREE Articles
Formulas
Guarantee
South African Site

Clinical references on cosmetic ingredients used by Dermaxime.

On this page, you will find clinical references dealing with specific skincare and cosmetic ingredients, which are used by Dermaxime in the creation of their anti-ageing skincare range.

clinical,references,research,cosmetic,skincare,ingredients

The references below refer to the scientific research that was done, and on which we base some of our statements.

A whole range of ingredients are used, but in keeping with the philosophy of Dermaxime, a range of botanical extracts, as well as essential oils are used in the creation of this unique anti-aging and rejuvenating skincare range. To view the full list of all ingredients used, please click here.

Since some clients have allergic reactions, you will find a full disclosure of ALL ingredients used, in each product, which is listed on each individual product page.

Our researchers have spent a great deal of time, money and effort to create the most balanced range available, and all cosmetic ingredients are used in such a way so as to create a safe product that is in harmony with the skin and body.

  1. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, June 2002, pages 587-606; and Cancer Research, June 2002, pages 3138-3143.

  2. Evaluation of the acute toxicity of a synthetic polyalphaolefin-based hydraulic fluid, E.R.Kinkhead, S.S.Henry, B.T.Culpepper, E.C.Kimmel, H.F.Leahy, R.S.Kutzman, Naval Medical Research Institute/Toxicology Department, USA, 14.1.1988.

  3. Nexbase 2006 FG: Preliminary toxicity study by dietary administration to F-344 rats for four weeks, T.J.Lawler, Pharmaco: LSR, UK, 22.12.1993.

  4. Nexbase 2006 FG: Toxicity study by dietary administration to F-344 rats for 13 weeks followed by a 4 week reversibility period, S.Cooper, Pharmaco:LSR, UK, November 1994. Huidtesten met Neste Nexbase 2004FG, Nexbase 2006FG en Nexbase 2008FG. Prof. A.Goossens, Contactallergie-Dermatologie, U.Z Sint Rafaël, Leuven, Belgium, May 1999.

  5. 3 H- NEXBASE™ 2006FG (3 H-Hydrogenated poly 1-decene) absorption study in the rat after single and repeated doses. B.A John et. Al, Huntingdon Life Sciencies Ltd, UK, 10.2.1999.

  6. 3 H- NEXBASE™ 2006FG, In Vitro dermal penetration study in human skin. Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd, UK, February 1999.

  7. 3 H- NEXBASE™ 2006FG, Percutaneous absorption study in the rat. Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd, UK, May 1999.

  8. Evaluation of the anti wrinkle efficacy of cosmetic products, ProDERM Study-No; 99.068-27, ProDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research GmbH, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany, September 1999.

  9. Certificate of Chemical Analysis of Free Radicals. Henrik Kunttu, University Of Jyväkylä, Department of Chemistry, 1.12.1999.

  10. Evaluation of long term efficacy of cosmetics products, ProDerm study number 99.133-28, order number 200501/1, ProDerm Institute for Applied Dermatological Research GmbH, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany, February 2000.

  11. Evaluation of long term efficacy of cosmetic products. ProDerm study number 99.133-28, order number 200501/1, ProDerm Institute for Applied Dermatological Research GmbH, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany, March 2000.

  12. Polydecene Cosmetic Application Study, Studio Rigano Srl, Milano, Italy, May 2000.

  13. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of Northern America - Functional Reconstructive Rhinoplasty, Larrabee, Wayne F. Jr. MD, FACS, Thomas J. Regan MD, FACS, Murakami, Craig S. MD, W.B Saunders Company, 1999.

  14. J E Fulton,Jr., "The stimulation of Postdermabrasion Wound Healing with Stabilized Aloe Vera Gel-polyethelene Oxide Dressing", Journal of Dermatol Surg Oncology, 16(5), May 1990, p. 460-467.

  15. Cutis, August 2001, pages 135-142.

  16. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, July 2000, pages280-284.

  17. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, March-April 2000, pages81-88.

  18. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, May-June 1999, pages 111-119.

  19. Dermatologic Surgery, August 1997, pages 689-694 and May 2001 pages 1-5.

  20. Journal of Cell Physiology, October 1999, pages 14-23.

  21. Campbell K L. Fatty acid supplementation and skin disease. Adv Clin Derm 1990;20(6):1475-1486.

  22. Frithz A., Tollesson A. Essential fatty acids in preparations for treatment of eczema. Sweden Patent No. 460762. Nov. 20, 1994.

  23. P. Boiteau and A. R. Ratsimamanga, Asiaticoside extracted from Centella asiatica. Its therapeutic uses in the healing of experimental or refractory wounds, leprosy, skin tuberculosis and Lupus. Therapie, 11, p 125-149, 1956.

  24. Dr. R. Labadie. Centella Asiatica in Perspective: An evaluative account, Unpublished paper delivered at a joint workshop sponsored by the European Ayurvedic Society and the Wellcome Trust, London, England, September 4, 1985.

  25. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, May-June 2000, pages 227-234.

  26. Phytomedicine, May 2001, pages 230-235.

  27. Contact Dermatitis, October 1993, pages 175-179.

  28. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, October-December 1999, pages 303-308.

  29. Planta Medica, October 1994, pages 410-413).

  30. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1996. Exeter, U.K.: British Herbal Medicine Association. 131.

  31. Glowania, H.J., C. Raulin, M. Swoboda. 1987. Effect of chamomile on wound healing—a clinical double-blind study. (in German). Z Hautkr 62(17):1262, 1267–1271.

  32. Skin Care-From the Inside Out and Outside In," Tufts Daily, April 1, 2002.

  33. Cutis, February 2001, pages 25-27.

  34. Contact Dermatitis, January 1996, pages 12-16.

  35. Journal of Applied Microbiology, February 2000, pages 308-316

  36. Huang, K.C. 1999. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs . Boca Raton: CRC Press. 97–99.

  37. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

  38. Gräsel, I. and G. Reuter. 1998. Analysis of 6-hydroxykynurenic acid in Ginkgo biloba and Ginkgo preparations. Planta Med 64:566–570.

  39. Planta Medica, April 2002, pages316-321.

  40. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, July-August 1997, pages 200-205.

  41. D'Amelio, Frank S. Sr., Botanicals, A phytocosmetic Desk Reference, CRC Press, 1999.

  42. ActaDermato-Venereologica, November 1999, pages 418-421

  43. Sellar, S., The Directory of Essential Oils, Saffron Walden, 2001

  44. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, March 2002, pages 365-371; and Life Sciences, January 2002, pages 1023-1033.

  45. Bradley, P.R. (ed.). 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicine Association.

  46. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, January 1998, pages 145-147.

  47. Archives of Internal Medicine, July 2002, pages 1531-1532.

  48. Preservatives for Cosmetics, 1996, by David Steinberg, Allured Publishing.

  49. Health Canada Monograph Category IV, Antiseptic Cleansers.

  50. Dermatology, 1999, volume 199, number 1, pages 50-53.

  51. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Volume 175, Issue 1, pages 76-82.

  52. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, March 2000, pages 825-828.

  53. Journal of Nutrition, March 2002, pages 461-471.

  54. Research on Rosehip Oil. Primal Nature Products, Australia

  55. Aron-Brunetière, A. Dr. Beauty & Medicine (Translated by Joanna Kilmartin) 1978, Jonathan Cape Ltd.

  56. Michaelsson, G, et al., "A Double Blind Study of the Effects of Zinc and Oxytetracycline in Acne Vulgaris," British Journal of Dermatology, 97(5), November 1977, p. 561 - 566.

  57. Leung, L. H., "Pantothenic Acid Deficiency as the Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris", Medical Hypotheses, 44(6), June 1995, p. 490 - 492.

  58. Ringsdorf, W. M. Jr. and Charaskin, E., "Vitamin C and Human Wound Healing." Oral Surg Med Oral Pathol, 53(3), March, 1982, p. 231 - 236.

  59. Palmieri, B, et al., "Vitamin E Added Silicone gel Sheets for Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids." International Journal of Dermatology, 34(7), July 1995, p. 506 - 509.

  60. Cutis, August 2001, pages 135-142.

  61. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, July 2000, pages 280-284.

  62. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, March-April 2000, pages 81-88.

  63. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, May-June 1999, pages 111-119.

  64. Dermatologic Surgery, August 1997, pages 689-694 and May 2001 pages 1-5.

  65. Journal of Cell Physiology, October 1999, pages 14-23.

  66. British Journal of Dermatology, December 1996, pages867-875.

  67. Free Radical Research, April 2002, pages 471-477.

  68. Journal of Lipid Research, May 2002, pages, 794-804

  69. Inhibitory Effect of an Extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. on Ultaviolet-B-Induced Photodamage of Rat Skin, Kazue Tsukahara, Shigeru Moriwaki, Tsutomu Fudjimura and Yoshinori Takema, Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, Japan.

  70. Less collagen means more wrinkle formation, Dr. Akimichi Morita, Nagoya City University Medical School.

  71. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, May 2002, Volume 118, Number 5, Pages 800-805. Targeted Overexpression of the Angiogenesis Inhibitor Thrombospondin -1 in the Epedermis of Transgenic Mice Prevents Ultaviolet-B-Induced Angiogenesis and Cutaneous Photodamage, Yano K, Detmar M

  72. Colins CE and Colins C; Roentgen dermatitis treated with fresh whole aloe vera. Am J Roentgenol 33, 396-397,1935

  73. Rowe TD, Lovell BK and Parks LM; Further observations on the use of Aloe vera in the treatment of third-degree X-ray reactions, J Am Pharm Association 30, 266-269, 1941

  74. Shelton RW and Penneys NS; Aloe vera J Am Acad Dermatol 18, 714-719, 1988

  75. Bozal N, Guinea J., Assembly Properties of a Glycoprotein Produced by Pseudoalteromonas antarctica, NF3, Departamento de Tensioactivos, Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Barcelona.

  76. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, May-June 2000, pages 227-234; Phytomedicine, May 2001, pages 230-235; and Contact Dermatitis, October 1993, pages 175-179

  77. Shukla A, et al: In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 65:1-11.

  78. Bosse JP et al.Clinical study of a new antikeloid agent. Ann Plastic Surg 1979; 3:13-21.

  79. Morisset R et al. Evaluation of the healing activity of Hydrocotyle tincture in the treatment of wounds. Phytother Res 1987; 1:117.

  80. Boik, J. 1995. Cancer and Natural Medicine: A Textbook of Basic Science and Clinical Research. Princeton, Minnesota: Oregon Medical Press.

  81. Sabinsa Corporation. 1997. Current Issues: Newsletter of Sabinsa Corporation, October.

  82. Carlo, G., Mascolo, N., Izzo, A.A., Capasso, F. Flavonoids: Old and new aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs. Life Sci. 1999; 65: 337-353.

  83. Bozal N, Tudela E, Rossello-Mora R, Lalucat J, Guinea J., Pseudoalteromonas antarctica sp. nov., isolated from an Antarctic coastal environment., Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) and three forms of hesperidin is found. (A. de la Maza, L. Codech, O. Lopez, J. L. Parra 1, M. Sabés, J. Guinea., Biopolymer excreted by Pseudoalteromonas antarctica NF3, as a coating and protective agent of liposomes against dodecyl maltoside, Departamento de Tensioactivos, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo (CID) & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) & Unitat de Biofisica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, SPAIN.

  84. Ohkawara A, 1978.

  85. Miyamoto I, 1986. - Miyamoto I et al, Effects of Cosmetics Containing Bioactive Substances on Skin, Preprints of the XIV th IFSCC Congress, Barcelona (1986), pp949-959 

  86. Lawrence D J 1958. - LAWRENCE DJ, BERN HA., On the specificity of the response of mouse epidermis to vitamin A., J Invest Dermatol. 1958 Dec;31(6):313-25.

  87. JARRETT, A., WRENCH, ROSANNE & MAHMOUD, BOTHINA (1978) The effects of retinyl acetate on epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 3 (2), 173-188. 

  88. SHERMAN B.S., The effect of vitamin A on epithelial mitosis in vitro and in vivo., The Journal of Investigative Dermatology.1961 Dec;37:469-80. LINK

  89. Chopra D.P., Flaxman B.A., The effect of vitamin A on growth and differentiation of human keratinocytes in vitro. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1975 Jan;64(1):19-22. LINK

  90. SABELLA J.D., BERN H.A., KAHN R.H., Effects of locally applied vitamin A and estrogen on rat epidermis. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1951 Mar;76(3):499-503. LINK

  91. LAWRENCE D.J., BERN H.A., On the specificity of the response of mouse epidermis to vitamin A. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1958 Dec;31(6):313-25. LINK

  92. Spearman, R. I. C., 1974 LINK

  93. Kang S., Duell E.A., Fisher G.J., Datta S.C., Wang Z.Q., Reddy A.P., Tavakkol A., Yi J.Y., Griffiths C.E., Elder J.T., et al. Application of retinol to human skin in vivo induces epidermal hyperplasia and cellular retinoid binding proteins characteristic of retinoic acid but without measurable retinoic acid levels or irritation. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1995 Oct;105(4):549-56. 

  94. Counts DF, Skreko F, McBee J, et al. The effects of retinyl palmitate on skin composition and morphometry. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1988;39:235– 40). LINK

  95. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (1987) Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Retinyl Palmitate and Retinol. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 6(3): 279-320.

    1. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel, the cosmetic industry’s self-governing body for evaluating the safety of cosmetic ingredients, concluded a review of safety data for retinol and retinyl palmitate in 1987. The CIR Expert Panel found that retinol and retinyl palmitate were safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration ranges used (up to 13%) at that time.

  96. Boehnlein et al., 1994, 

    1. This study showed that about 18% of retinyl palmitate,topically applied to the human skin, penetrates in 30 hrs after application. Furthermore, approximately 44% of the absorbed retinyl palmitate was hydrolyzed to retinol.

  97. Duell et al., 1997 

    1. This clinical study found that topically applied cream, containing 0.6% retinyl palmitate, resulted in elevated levels of retinol in skin measured 48 hrs and 72 hrs after application. No increases in levels of retinyl palmitate were noted, indicating efficient hydrolysis of retinyl palmitate to retinol by cutaneous esterases.

  98. Fthenakis CG, Maes DH, Smith WP. In vivo assessment of. skin elasticity using ballistometry. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1991:. 42: 211–216. 10 LINK

  99. Lee K.H., Tong T.G.., Studies on the mechanism of action of salicylates. VI. Effect of topical application of retinoic acid on wound-healing retardation action of salicylic acid.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 1969Jun;58(6):773-4. LINK

  100. Fuchs E, Green H. Regulation of terminal differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes by vitamin A. Cell. 1981 Sep;25(3):617-25 LINK

  101. Tang G., Webb A.R., Russell R.M., Holick M.F., Epidermis and serum protect retinol but not retinyl esters from sunlight-induced photodegradation. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 1994 Feb;10(1):1-7 LINK

  102. Cluver E.H., Politzer W.M., The pathology of sun trauma. South African Medical Journal (Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Geneeskunde) 1965 Nov 13;39(41):1051-3. LINK

  103. Berne B., Nilsson M., Vahlquist A., UV irradiation and cutaneous vitamin A: an experimental study in rabbit and human skin. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1984 Dec;83(6):401-4. LINK

  104. Roche, Nutley USA 1987 LINK

  105. Cockerell CJ: Histopathology of incipient intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma ("actinic keratosis"). J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 Jan; 42(1 Pt 2): 11-7.

  106. Cohn BA: From sunlight to actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 Jan; 42(1 Pt 1): 143-4.

  107. Drake LA, Ceilley RI, Cornelison RL, et al: Guidelines of care for actinic keratoses. Committee on Guidelines of Care. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995 Jan; 32(1): 95-8.

  108. Feldman SR, Fleischer AB Jr, Williford PM, Jorizzo JL: Destructive procedures are the standard of care for treatment of actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999 Jan; 40(1): 43-7.

  109. Glogau RG: The risk of progression to invasive disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 Jan; 42(1 Pt 2): 23-4.

  110. Goette DK: Topical chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. A review. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981 Jun; 4(6): 633-49.

  111. Kurwa HA, Yong-Gee SA, Seed PT, et al: A randomized paired comparison of photodynamic therapy and topical 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999 Sep; 41(3 Pt 1): 414-8.

  112. Leffell DJ: The scientific basis of skin cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 Jan; 42(1 Pt 2): 18-22.

  113. Marks R, Rennie G, Selwood TS: Malignant transformation of solar keratoses to squamous cell carcinoma. Lancet 1988 Apr 9; 1(8589): 795-7.

  114. Moy RL: Clinical presentation of actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 Jan; 42(1 Pt 2): 8-10.

  115. No authors listed: Actinic keratoses: scientific evaluation and public health implications. Proceedings of a conference. January 27, 1999. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 Jan; 42(1 Pt 2): 1-30.

  116. Salasche SJ: Epidemiology of actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 Jan; 42(1 Pt 2): 4-7.

  117. Winton GB, Salasche SJ: Dermabrasion of the scalp as a treatment for actinic damage. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986 Apr; 14(4): 661-8.

  118. B Eberlein-König & J Ring, Relevance of vitamins C and E in cutaneous photoprotection, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, January 2005, Volume 4 Page 4

  119. Fuchs J, Huflejt ME, Rothfuss LM, Wilson DS, Carcamo G, Packer L. Acute effects of near ultraviolet and visible light on the cutaneous antioxidant defense system. Photochemistry and photobiology. 1989 Dec;50(6):739-44 LINK

  120. Fuchs J, Huflejt ME, Rothfuss LM, Wilson DS, Carcamo G, Packer L., Impairment of enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in skin by UVB irradiation. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1989 Dec;93(6):769-73 LINK

  121. Podda M, Traber MG, Weber C, Yan LJ, Packer L. UV-irradiation depletes antioxidants and causes oxidative damage in a model of human skin. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 1998 Jan 1;24(1):55-65. LINK

  122. Pathak M.A., Robins P., A response to concerns about sunscreens: a report from the Skin Cancer Foundation. The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology. 1989 May;15(5):486-7.

  123. Dalle Carbonare M., Pathak M.A., Skin photosensitizing agents and the role of reactive oxygen species in photoaging. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology. 1992 Jun 30;14(1-2):105-24.

  124. Carraro C, Pathak MA., Studies on the nature of in vitro and in vivo photosensitization reactions by psoralens and porphyrins. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1988 Mar;90(3):267-75.

  125. Carraro C, Pathak MA., Characterization of superoxide dismutase from mammalian skin epidermis. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1988 Jan;90(1):31-6.

  126. Kondo S, Mamada A, Yamaguchi J, Fukuro S., Protective effect of dl-alpha-tocopherol on the cytotoxicity of ultraviolet B against human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine. 1990 Aug;7(4):173-7.

  127. Darr D., Dunston S., Faust H., Pinnell S., Effectiveness of antioxidants (vitamin C and E) with and without sunscreens as topical photoprotectants. Acta dermato-venereologica. 1996 Jul;76(4):264-8.

  128. Pugliese, P. T., 1985 & 1986

  129. Bissett D.L., Chatterjee R., Hannon D.P., Photoprotective effect of topical anti-inflammatory agents against ultraviolet radiation-induced chronic skin damage in the hairless mouse. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. 1990 Aug;7(4):153-8.

  130. Gensler H.L., Magdaleno M.,Topical vitamin E inhibition of immunosuppression and tumorigenesis induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Nutrition and Cancer. 1991;15(2):97-106.

  131. Weiser H., 1986

  132. Taren D.L., Chvapil M., Weber C.W., Increasing the breaking strength of wounds exposed to preoperative irradiation using vitamin E supplementation.International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition. 1987;57(2):133-7.

  133. Trivedi et al, 1995

  134. Record I. R., 1991

  135. Ekanayake-Mudiyanselage S., Tavakkol A., Polefka T.G., Nabi Z., Elsner P., Thiele J.J., Vitamin E delivery to human skin by a rinse-off product: penetration of alpha-tocopherol versus wash-out effects of skin surface lipids.Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.2005 Jan-Feb;18(1):20-6.

  136. Panin G., Strumia R., Ursini F., Topical alpha-tocopherol acetate in the bulk phase: eight years of experience in skin treatment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2004 Dec;1031:443-7.

  137. McVean M., Liebler D.C., Prevention of DNA photodamage by vitamin E compounds and sunscreens: roles of ultraviolet absorbance and cellular uptake. Molecular Carcinogesis. 1999 Mar;24(3):169-76.

  138. Weber C., Podda M., Rallis M., Thiele J.J., Traber M.G., Packer L., Efficacy of topically applied tocopherols and tocotrienols in protection of murine skin from oxidative damage induced by UV-irradiation. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley 94720-3200, USA. Free radical biology and medicine. 1997;22(5):761-9Kim H.H., Cho S., Lee S.,

  139. Kim K.H., Cho K.H., Eun H.C., Chung J.H., Photoprotective and anti-skin-aging effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in human skin in vivo., Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Clinical Research Institutes, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Korea.Journal of lipid research, 2006 May;47(5):921-30.

  140. Henneicke-von Zepelin H.H., Mrowietz U., Farber L., Bruck-Borchers K., Schober C., Huber J., Lutz G., Kohnen R., Christophers E., Welzel D., Highly purified omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids for topical treatment of psoriasis. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study. Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Germany., The British Journal of Dermatology. 1993 Dec;129(6):713-7.

  141. Escobar S.O., Achenbach R., Iannantuono R., Torem V. Topical fish oil in psoriasis--a controlled and blind study. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology.1992 May;17(3):159-62.

  142. Bucher HC, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med 2002;112(4):298-304.

  143. Chan J.K., Bruce V.M., McDonald B.E., Dietary alpha-linolenic acid is as effective as oleic acid and linoleic acid in lowering blood cholesterol in normolipidemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 1991:53(5):1230-1234.

  144. Chisato N, et al. Soy and fish oil and mortality in a Japanese community. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:824-831.

  145. Clandinin MT, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid intake results in a relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL cholesterol ester and LDL cholesterol content in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997;1346(3):247-252.

  146. Croteau, R, et al. Seed lipids of the American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), Phytochemistry, Vol.8, 19969, 2219-2222.

  147. de Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, et al. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1994;343(8911):1454-1459.

  148. Dyerberg J. Linolenate-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids and prevention of atherosclerosis. Nutr Rev 1986;44(4):125-134.

  149. Giovannucci E, et al. A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85(19):1571-1579.

  150. Harvei S, et al. Prediagnostic level of fatty acids in serum phospholipids: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 1997;71(4):545-551.

  151. Hu FB, et al. Fish and omega-3 Fatty Acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. JAMA 2002;287(14):1815-1821.

  152. Hu FB, et al. Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69(5):890-897.

  153. Jenab M, et al. The influence of flaxseed and lignans on colon carcinogenesis and beta-glucuronidase activity. Carcinogenesis 1996;17(6):1343-1348.

  154. Layne KS, et al. Normal subjects consuming physiological levels of 18:3(n-3) and 20:5(n-3) from flaxseed or fish oils have characteristic differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein fatty acid levels. J Nutr 1996;126(9):2130-2140.

  155. Makrides M, et al. A randomized trial of different ratios of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid in the diet of term infants: effects on visual function and growth. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(1):120-129.

  156. Nieto N, et al. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids improve histological and biochemical alterations in rats with experimental ulcerative colitis. J Nutr 2002;132(1):11-19.

  157. Oomah, BD, et al. Characteristics of raspberry (rubus idaeus L.) seed oil. Food Chemistry, 69, 2000, 187-193.

  158. Pandalai PK, Pilat MJ, Yamazaki K, et al. The effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on in vitro prostate cancer growth. Anticancer Res 1996;16(2):815-820.

  159. Stoll AL, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56(5):407-412.

  160. Block, A., and Bettelheim, F.: Water Vapor Sorption of Hyaluronic Acid , Biochim Biophys Acta 201, 69, 1970

  161. Weindl G, Schaller M, Schäfer-Korting M, Korting HC:

  162. Hyaluronic Acid in the Treatment and Prevention of Skin Diseases: Molecular Biological, Pharmaceutical and Clinical Aspects. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2004;17:207-213

  163. Armstrong, D. (1997). The Molecular Weight Properties of Hyaluronic Acid produced Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Chemical Engineering (Brisbane: University of Queensland).

  164. Armstrong, D. C., and Johns, M. R. (1997). Effect of Culture Conditions on Molecular Weight of Hyaluronic Acid Produced by Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 2759-2764.

  165. Armstrong, D. C., and Johns, M. R. (1995). Improved molecular weight analysis of streptococcal hyaluronic acid by size exclusion chromatography. Biotechnology Techniques 9, 491-496.

  166. Armstrong, D. L., Cooney, M. J., and Johns, M. R. (1997). Growth and amino acid requirements of hyaluronic acid -producing Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 47, 309-312.

  167. Crater, D. L., Dougherty, B. A., and van de Rijn, I. (1995). Molecular characterization of hasC from an operon for hyaluronic acid synthesis in group A streptococci - demonstration of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 28676-28680.

  168. DeAngelis, P. L., Papaconstantinou, J., and Weigel, P. H. (1993). Molecular cloning, identification, and sequence of the hyaluronan synthase gene from group A Streptococcus pyogenes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 19181-19184.

  169. Dougherty, B. A., and van de Rijn, I. (1994). Molecular characterization of hasA from an operon for hyaluronic acid synthesis in group A streptococci. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 169-175.

  170. Dougherty, B. A., and van de Rijn, I. (1994). Molecular characterization of hasB from an operon for hyaluronic acid synthesis in group A streptococci - demonstration of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 169-175.

  171. Goh, L.-T. (1998). Effect of culture conditions on rates of intrinsic hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Chemical Engineering (Brisbane: University of Queensland).

  172. Johns, M. R., Goh, L.-T., and Oeggerli, A. (1994). Effect of pH, agitation and aeration on hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Biotechnology Letters 16, 507-512.

  173. Kitchen, J. r., and Cysyk, R. L. (1995). Synthesis and release of hyaluronic acid by Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Biochemical Journal 309, 649-656.

  174. Kumari, K., and Weigel, P. H. (1997). Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of the authentic hyaluronan synthase from group C Streptococcus equisimilis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, 32539-32546.

  175. Lertwerawat, Y. (1993). Hyaluronic acid production and its instability in Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Chemical Engineering (Brisbane: University of Queensland).

  176. O'Regan, M., Martini, I., Crescenzi, F., De Luca, C., and Lansing, M. (1994). Molecular mechanisms and genetics of hyaluronan biosynthesis. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 16, 283-286.

  177. Weigel, P. H., Hascall, V. C., and Tammi, M. (1997). Hyaluronan synthases. The Journal of biological chemistry 272, 13997-14000.

  178. Andre P., Hyaluronic acid and its use as a "rejuvenation" agent in cosmetic dermatology. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 2004 Dec;23(4):218-22.

  179. Brown M. B., Jones S.A., Hyaluronic acid: a unique topical vehicle for the localized delivery of drugs to the skin. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV. 2005 May;19(3):308-18.

  180. Brown T.J., Alcorn D., Fraser J.R., Absorption of hyaluronan applied to the surface of intact skin., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1999 Nov;113(5):740-6.

  181. Tammi R, Ripellino JA, Margolis RU, and Tammi M: Localization of epidermal hyaluronic acid using the hyaluronate binding region of cartilage proteoglycan as a specific probe. J. Invest. Dermatol. 90: 412-414, 1988.

  182. Ropponen K, Tammi M, Parkkinen J, Eskelinen M, Tammi R, Lipponen P, Agren U, Alhava E, and Kosma V-M: Tumor cell-associated hyaluronan as an unfavorable prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 58: 342-347, 1998.

  183.  Tammi R, Saamanen A-M, Maibach HI, and Tammi M: Degradation of newly synthesized high molecular mass hyaluronan in the epidermal and dermal compartments of human skin in organ culture. J. Invest. Dermatol. 97: 126-130, 1991.

  184. Agren UM, Tammi RH, and Tammi MI: Reactive oxygen species contribute toepidermal hyaluronan catabolism in human skin organ culture. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 23: 996-1001, 1997.

  185. Tammi R, Ripellino JA, Margolis RU, Maibach HI, and Tammi M: Hyaluronate accumulation in human epidermis treated with retinoic acid in skin organ culture. J. Invest. Dermatol. 92: 326-332, 1989.

  186. Agren UM, Tammi M, and Tammi R: Hydrocortisone regulation of hyaluronan metabolism in human skin organ culture. J. Cell. Physiol. 164: 240-248, 1995.

  187. Tuhkanen A-L, Tammi M, and Tammi R: CD44 substituted with heparan sulfate and endo-beta-galactosidase-sensitive oligosaccharides: A major proteoglycan in adult human epidermis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 109: 213-218, 1997.

  188. Agren UM, Tammi M, Ryynanen M, and Tammi R: Developmentally programmed expression of hyaluronan in human skin and its appendages. J. Invest. Dermatol. 109: 219-224, 1997.

  189. Hall CL, Wang C, Lange LA, and Turley EA: Hyaluronan and the hyaluronan receptor RHAMM promote focal adhesion turnover and transient tyrosine kinase activity. J. Cell Biol. 126: 575-588, 1994.

  190. MacCallum DK and Lillie JH: Evidence for autoregulation of cell division and cell transit in keratinocytes grown on collagen at an air-liquid interface. J. Skin Pharmacol. 3: 86-96, 199

  191. van Wyk, B. and Wink, M. Medical Plants of South Africa, Briza Publications, 2004. ISBN 1 875093 443.

  192. FAO. Red Latinoamericana de Cooperación Técnica en Sistemas Agroforestales. Especies Arbóreas y Arbustivas paralas Zonas Aridas y Semiáridas de América Latina. Caesalpinia spinosa. 1998. 12 pp. (ref. 4785)

  193. Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa). www.peruecologico.com

  194. Basurto L. Estudio botánico de la Tara. Alnicolsa Productos Agroindustriales, Perú 2000-2001: pp 11. (ref. 4784) 

  195. Del Re-Jiménez BL, Amado R. Comparative study of the chemical composition of germ meals from carob, guar and taraseeds. Food Hydrocolloids 1989; 3 (2): 149-156. (ref. 4770) 

  196. Commission Directive 96/77/EC. Amended by Commission Directive 98/86/EC. 

  197. Reid JS et al. Mechanism and regulation of galactomannan biosynthesis in developing leguminous seeds. BiochemicalSociety Transactions. 1992;20(1):23-26. 

  198. McCleary BV et al. The fine structures of carob and guar galactomannans. Carbohydrate Research. 1985; 139: 237-260. 

  199. Mulimani VH, Prashanth SJ. Investigating plant galactomannans. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education. 2002;30(2): 101-103. 

  200. Daas PJ et al.. On the galactosyl distribution of commercial galactomannans. Carbohydrate Research. 2000; 329: 609619. 

  201. Daas PJ et al..Toward the recognition of structure-function relationships in galactomannans. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(15):4282-9. 

  202. Cunningham DC, Walsh KB. Galactomannan content and composition in Cassia brewsteri seed. Australian Journal ofExperimental Agriculture. 2002; 42:1081-1086. 

  203. Pasquel A. Gomas:Una aproximación a la industria de alimentos. Revista Amazónica Investigación Alimentaria.2001;1(1): 1-8. 

  204. Williams PA, Hickey M. Fluid gels based on natural polymers for cosmetic applications. Cosmetics & Toiletries. 2003;118(8): 51-59 (ref. 6290) 

  205. Freedberg IM, et al. Dermatología en medicina general. Buenos Aires: Panamericana, 2001; 82-84, 142, 170-171. (ref.612 FIT) 

  206. La Hidratación y la Piel. Revista La Piel 1999; 3. 

  207. Bland EJ et al.The influence of small oligosaccharides on the immune system. Carbohydrate Research 2004; 339:1673-1678. (ref. 7240) 

  208. Péterszegi G et al. Studies on skin aging. Preparation and properties of fucose-rich oligo- and polysaccharides. Effecton fibroblast proliferation and survival. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2003; 57: 187-194. 

  209. Fodil-Bourahla et al. Effects of L-fucose and fucose-rich oligo and polysaccharides (FROP-s) on skin aging:penetration, skin tissue production and fibrillogenesis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2003; 57: 219-215. 

  210. Harding CR et al. Dry skin, moisturization and corneodesmolysis. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 2000; 22:21-52. (ref. 3776) 

  211. Rieger, M. Water, water, everywhere. Cosmetics & Toiletries 1998; 113 (9): 75-87. 

  212. Ingolfsdottir K et al. Immunologically active polysaccharide from Cetraria islandica. Planta Med 1994; 60: 527-531. (ref.184) 

  213. Schueller R et al. Fundamentals of Formulating Hair Care Products. Cosmetics & Toiletries. 2000; 115(10): 67-73 (ref.4191). 

  214. Bowstra JA et al. Water distribution and related morphology in human Stratum Corneum at different hydration levels. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;120(5):750-8. 

  215. Cordero AA. Biología de la Piel. Buenos Aires: Ed. Medica Panamericana, 1996. (ref. 612 COR). 

  216. Cheng Y et al. Preparation and characterization of molecular weight fractions of guar galactomannans using acid andenzymatic hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol. 2002. 20;31(1-3):29-35. 

  217. Rawlings AV, Harding CR. Moisturization and skin barrier function. Dermatologic Therapy 2004; 17: 43-48.V 01-05/05 7555A-16

  218. Suter A, Bommer S, Rechner J., Medical Department, Bioforce AG, Roggwil, Switzerland.,Treatment of patients with venous insufficiency with fresh plant horse chestnut seed extract: a review of 5 clinical studies.Advances in Therapy. 2006 Jan-Feb;23(1):179-90.

  219. MacKay D., Hemorrhoids and varicose veins: a review of treatment options. Alternative Medicine Review : A Journal of Clinical Therapeutic.2001 Apr;6(2):126-40.

  220. Sato I, Kofujita H, Suzuki T, Kobayashi H, Tsuda S., Antiinflammatory effect of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata) seeds., The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science / The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 2006 May;68(5):487-9.

  221. Fujimura T, Moriwaki S, Hotta M, Kitahara T, Takema Y., Horse Chestnut Extract Induces Contraction Force Generation in Fibroblasts through Activation of Rho/Rho Kinase., Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Jun;29(6):1075-81.

  222. Leach MJ, Pincombe J, Foster G., Using horsechestnut seed extract in the treatment of venous leg ulcers: a cost-benefit analysis. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2006 Apr;52(4):68-70, 72-4, 76-8.

  223. Sato I, Suzuki T, Kobayashi H, Tsuda S., Antioxidative and antigenotoxic effects of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata) seeds., J Vet Med Sci. 2005 Jul;67(7):731-4.

  224. Feng Wei, Lin-Yun Ma, Wen-Tao Jin, Shuang-Cheng Ma, Guo-Zhu Han, Ikhlas Ahmad Khan and Rui-Chao Lin, “Antiinflammatory Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis”, Chem. Pharm. Bull., Vol. 52, 1246-1248 (2004).

  225. AICHINGER F, GISS G, VOGEL G., NEW FINDINGS IN THE PHARMACODYNAMICS OF BIOFLAVONOIDS AND HORSE CHESTNUT SAPONIN AESCIN AS BASES FOR THEIR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION., Arzneimittelforschung. 1964 Aug;14:892-6.

  226. Ottillinger B, Greeske K., Rational therapy of chronic venous insufficiency--chances and limits of the therapeutic use of horse-chestnut seeds extract.,BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2001;1:5. Epub 2001 Dec 7.

  227. Sirtori CR., Aescin: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic profile.Pharmacol Res. 2001 Sep;44(3):183-93.

  228. Bisler, H., R. Pfeifer, N. Kluken, P. Pauschinger. 1986. Wirkung von Rosskastaniensamenextrakt auf die traskapillare filtration bei chronischer venoser insuffizien [Effects of horse-chestnut seed extract on transcapillary filtration in chronic venous insufficiency]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 111(35):1321–1329.
  229. Bombardelli, E. and P. Morazzoni. 1996. Aesculus hippocastanum L. Fitoterapia 67(6):483–511.

  230. Degenring, F.H. 1996. Aesculus Hipp . Semen for the treatment of venous blood flow disorders. Clinical Expert Report for Bioforce AG (unpublished).

  231. Deutsches Arzneibuch (DAB 1997). 1997. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.

  232. Diehm C., D. Vollbrecht, K Amendt, H.U. Comberg. 1992. Medical edema protection—Clinical benefit in patients with chronic deep vein incompetence. A placebo-controlled double-blind study. Vasa 21(2):188–192.

  233. Diehm, C., H.J. Trampisch, S. Lange, C. Schmidt. 1996. Comparison of leg compression stocking and oral horse-chestnut seed extract therapy in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Lancet 347(8997):292–294.

  234. Geissbühler, S. and F.H. Degenring. 1999. Treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with Aesculaforce Vein Gel. Schweiz Zschr Ganzheits Medizin 11:82–87.

  235. Greeske, K. and B.K. Pohlmann. 1996. [Horse chestnut seed extract—an effective therapy principle in general practice. Drug therapy of chronic venous insufficiency] [In German]. Fortschr Med 114(15):196–200.

  236. Konoshima, T. and K.H. Lee. 1986. Antitumor agents, 82. Cytotoxic sapogenols from Aesculus hippocastanum . J Nat Prod 49(4):650–656.

  237. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 304–306.

  238. Morgan, M. and K. Bone. 1998. Professional Review: Horsechestnut. Medi Herb (65):1–4.

  239. Newall, C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press. 166–167.

  240. Pittler, M.H. and E. Ernst. 1998. Horse-chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency. A criteria-based systematic review. Arch Dermatol 134(11):1356–1360.

  241. Shah, D., S. Bommer, F.H. Degenring. 1997. Aesculaforce in chronic venous insufficiency. Schweiz Zschr Ganzheits Medizin 9(2):86–91.

  242. Yoshikawa, M. et al. 1996. Bioactive saponins and glycosides. III. Horse chestnut. (1): The structures, inhibitory effects on ethanol absorption, and hypoglycemic activity of escins Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIa from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 44(8):1454–1464.

  243. Yoshikawa, M. et al. 1998. Bioactive saponins and glycosides. XII. Horse chestnut. (2): Structures of escins IIIb, IV, V and VI and isoescins Ia, Ib, and V, acylated polyhydroxyoleanene triterpene oligoglycosides, from the seeds of horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hippocastanaceae). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 46(11):1764–1769.

  244. Boiadzhiev, T. et al. 1973. Experimental studies on the action of total extracts of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (horse chestnut) on cellular respiration. Eksp Med Morfol 12(1):11–14.

  245. Chan, E.H. et al. (eds.). 1985. Advances in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co.

  246. Longiave, D., C. Omini, S. Nicosia, F. Berti. 1978. The mode of action of aescin on isolated veins, relationship with PGF2. Pharmacol Res Commun 10(2):145–152.

  247. Popp, W. et al. 1992. Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum ) pollen: a frequent cause of allergic sensitization in urban children. Allergy 47(4 pt. 2):380–383.

  248. Jonadet M, Meunier MT, Villie F, Bastide JP, Lamaison JL., Flavonoids extracted from Ribes nigrum L. and Alchemilla vulgaris L.: 1. In vitro inhibitory activities on elastase, trypsin and chymotrypsin. 2. Angioprotective activities compared in vivo, J Pharmacol. 1986 Jan-Mar;17(1):21-7.

  249. Steenkamp V, Mathivha E, Gouws MC, van Rensburg CE., Studies on antibacterial, antioxidant and fibroblast growth stimulation of wound healing remedies from South Africa., Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2004 Dec;95(2-3):353-7

  250. Lwande, W. et al., 1993, Constituents of the essential oil of Helichrysum odaratissimum (L) Les. J. Essent. Oil. Res. 5:93-95

  251. van Wyk B., Wink M., Medicinal Plants of the World, Briza Publications, 2004

  252. Bagby, M.O., Comparison of Properties and Function of Jojoba Oil and Its Substitutes, Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, 1988.

  253. Brown, James H., Jojoba, HAPPI, October 1984.

  254. Brown, J. and K. Dwyer, The Jojoba Potential: An Overview, Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, 1988.

  255. Cadicamo, P. and J. Cadicamo, A Study of Jojoba Oi1, Its Derivatives and Other Cosmetic Oi1s, Cosmetics & Toi1etries, Vol. 97, 1982.

  256. Castetter, E.F. and R.M. Underhill, Ethnobiological Studies in The Arnerican Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin,Biological Series 4, 1935.

  257. Christensen, M.S. and E.W. Packman, Skin Surface Softening Effects of Jojoba and Its Derivatives, Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, 1988.

  258. Clavilero, F .J ., The History of Lower California, Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California, Translated 1937.

  259. Darr, D.J., Biology of Oxygen Free Radicals, Inter. Conf on Cutaneous Aging (1988)

  260. Daugherty, P.M., H.H. Sineath, and T.A. Wastler, Industrial Raw Materials of Plant Origin IV: A Survey of Simmondisia Chinesis, Bull. Eng. Exp. Sta., Georgia lnst. Tech. 15 (13), 1953.

  261. Evison, J. and J.F. Chester, Nature, Soap, Perfume, and Cosmetics ,63 (13), November, 1990.

  262. Fieser, Louis and Mary Fieser, Basic Organic Chemistry, D.C. Heath and Company, USA 1959.

  263. Flider, Frank J., Jojoba: Finally a Real Industry Has Emerged, HAPPI, May, 1987.

  264. Greene, R.A., and E.O. Foster, BotlGaz/9.4 826-828, 1933.

  265. Green, T.G., T.P. Hilditch, and W.J. Stainsby, J. Chem. Soc. 1936.

  266. Hagemann, J.W. and J.A. Rothus, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 56, # 629, 1979.

  267. Hirai, Y., N. Tonooka, T. Tanigawa, and K. Ito, Application of the Compounds Related to Jojoba in Cosmetics, Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, 1988. pp 305-317

  268. Jacobsen, E. et al, Age Related Changes in Wax Ester Secretion Rate in Men and Women, Journal Of lnvestigative Dermatology, 85: 483-485, 1985.

  269. Johnson, W. Jr., Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Jojoba Oil and Jojoba Wax, J. of the American College of Toxicology, Vol. 11, No.1, 1992

  270. Kadish, A., A Search for the Origin of Jojoba, Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Beer-Sheva, Israel, 1984.

  271. Katoh, M., M. Taguchi and T. Kunimoto, Current Status of Jojoba Oil Utilization in Cosmetics in Japan, in Proceedings Seventh international Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, edited by A.R. Baldwin, American Oil Chemists' Society,Champaign, IL, 1988, pp. 318-342.

  272. Kono, Y. K. Tomita, H. Katsura, and S. Ohtu, Proceedings from the Fourth International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, 1980.

  273. Libby, H., R.H. Purdy, R.L. Realina and T.A. Lugtu, Cosmetics Based on Jojoba Oil. 1. Oxidation Stability, Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Beer-Sheva, Israel, 1984.

  274. McClatchey, K.D., in Jojoba: New Crop for Arid Lands; New Raw Material for Industry, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 1985.

  275. McClatchey, K. D., W.J. Ferrell, and C. L. Pierson, Percutaneous Absorption of Jojoba Gil, O Proceedings from the Fourth International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, 1980.

  276. McKinney, R.S. and G.S. Jamieson, Oil & Soap 13,289-292,1936.

  277. Miwa, T. K., Structural_Determination and Uses of Jojoba Oil, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 61, #2, February, 1984.

  278. Miwa, T .K. and J .W. Hagemann, Physical And Chemical Properties of Jojoba Liquid And Solid Waxes, Proceedings from the Second International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, 1976.

  279. Miwa, T.K. and G. Spencer, Composition of Jojoba Oil From Nuts Harvested at Different Geographical Regions, Proceedings from the Second International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, 1976.

  280. Necks, D.C. and M.P. Doyle, Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, 1977.

  281. Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol I & Vol. 11, 3rd Edition by W .F .Link, AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, revised 1992.

  282. Orkin, M., H.I. Maibach, and M.V. Dahl, Dermatology 1991 Personal Care Products Now lnclude Biologically Active Cosmetics, lnternational News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials, 1(6), June 1990.

  283. Purcell, H. Quality Standards Committee Progress Report, Proceedings from the Sixth Inter- national Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Beer-Sheva, Israel, 1984. 

  284. Purcell, H., Natural Jojoba Versus Dryness and Free Radicals, Cosmetics and Toiletries Manufacture Worldwide, Aston Publishing Group, Herdfordshire, U.K., 1993. 

  285. Purcell, H., Natural Jojoba's Moisture Control and Oxidative Stability Took Millions of Years to Perfect. Cosmetics and Toiletries Manufacture Worldwide, Aston Publishing Group, Herdfordshire, U.K., in press. 

  286. Reinhardt, J.G. and J. H. Brown, Jojoba in Cosmetics, Eighth International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Asuncion, Paraguay, 1990.

  287. Richey, H.G., Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1983. 

  288. Ricks, D.J., Jojoba Oil in Cosmetics, Eighth International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Asuncion, Paraguay, 1990. 

  289. Ricks, D.J., Functional Natural Oils, Cosmetics & Toiletries, Vol. 106, Feb. 1991, 

  290. Sherebraake, W.C. and E.F. Haase, Jojoba: A Wax-Producing Shrub at the Sonoran Desert, Tucsan, AZ, University of Arizona, Office of Arid Land Studies, 1974. 

  291. Spencer, G .F .and G .R. List, Specifications, Physical Properties and Methods of Analysis for Jojoba Oil, Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, 1988. 

  292. Swern, D., Bailey's Industrial Gil and Fat Products, Vol. 1 (4th edition), John Wiley and Sons, 1979. 

  293. Taguchi, M., Test Results On Safety on Jojoba Oil To Be Used For Cosmetics, Proceedings from the Second International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, 1976. 

  294. Taguchi, M. and T. Kunimoto, Cosmetics & Toiletries 92 (9), 53,1977.

  295. Katiyar S, Elmets CA, Katiyar SK., Green tea and skin cancer: photoimmunology, angiogenesis and DNA repair., J Nutr Biochem. 2006 Oct 16.

  296. Lambert JD, Kim DH, Zheng R, Yang CS., Transdermal delivery of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a green tea polyphenol, in mice.,J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 May;58(5):599-604.

  297. Chiu AE, Chan JL, Kern DG, Kohler S, Rehmus WE, Kimball AB., Double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of green tea extracts in the clinical and histologic appearance of photoaging skin., Dermatol Surg. 2005 Jul;31(7 Pt 2):855-60

  298. Hsu S., Green tea and the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Jun;52(6):1049-59.

  299. Saha P, Das S., Elimination of Deleterious Effects of Free Radicals in Murine Skin Carcinogenesis by Black Tea Infusion, Theaflavins & Epigallocatechin Gallate., Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2002;3(3):225-230.

  300. Kim SH, Kim SR, Lee HJ, Oh H, Ryu SY, Lee YS, Kim TH, Jo SK.,Apoptosis in growing hair follicles following gamma-irradiation and application for the evaluation of radioprotective agents. In Vivo. 2003 Mar-Apr;17(2):211-4.

  301. Ahmad N et al. Cutaneous photochemoprotection by Green Tea: A brief review. Skin PharmacolApp`l Skin Physiol 2001; 14: 69-76. (ref. 4865)

  302. Katiyar SK, et al. Green Tea and skin photoprotection. Cosmetics & Toiletries 2001; 116 9: 69 76. (ref. 4760)

  303. Craig A, et al. Cutaneous photoprotection from ultraviolet injury by green tea polyphenols. Journal American Academy of Dermatology 2001; 44 3: 425-432. (ref. 4866)

  304. Säntosh K, et al. Green tea polyphenolic antioxidants and skin photoprotection (Review).International Journal of Oncology 2001; 18:1307-1313. (ref. 4833)

  305. Morganti, P, et al. New data on skin photoprotection. International Journal of Cosmetic Sciente 2000; 22 4: 305-312. (ref. 3969)

  306. Säntosh K, et al. Green tea and skin. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136 8: 989-994. (ref.4867)

  307. Säntosh K, et al. Polyphenolic antioxidant (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate from Green Tea reduces UVB-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of leukocytes in human skin. Photchemistry and Phochemistry 1999; 69 2: 148-153. (ref. 4868)

  308. Guo Q, et al. Studies on protective mechanisms of four components of green tea polyphenols against lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1996; 1304: 210-222. (ref. 2532)

  309. Fourneau C, et al. Radical scavenging evaluation of green tea extracts. hytotherapy Research 1996; 10: 529-530. (ref. 2533)

  310. Morazzoni P, et al. Phytochemical anti-oxidants for cosmetic application. Agro-Food-Industry Hi-Tech 1995 : 12-16 (ref. 1996)

  311. Czygan FC, et al. Herbal Drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. London :Norman Grainger Bisset,1994; 490-492.

  312. Makimura M et al. Inhibitory Effect of Tea Catechins on Collagenase Activity. J Periodontol 1993; 64 7: 630-636. (ref. 1848)

  313. Lunder TL. Catechins of Green Tea. Antioxidant Activity. ACS Sumposium series 1992; 507: 114-120. (ref. 1843)

  314. Weisburger JH. Physiological and Pharmacological Effects of Camelia sinensis (Tea): First International Symposium. Preventive Medicine 1992; 21: 329-330. (ref. 1846)

  315. Ho CT et al. Antioxidative Effect of Polyphenol Extract Prepared from Various Chinese Teas.Preventive medicine 1992; 21: 520-525. (ref. 1847)

  316. Finger A et al. Chromatography of tea constituents. Journal of Chromatography 1992; 624: 293-315. (ref. 1827)

  317. Wang ZY, et al. Inhibitory effect of green tea on the growth of established skin papillomas in mice Cancer Res 1992; 52 23: 6657-6665.

  318. Tofovic S, et al. Caffeine Potentiates Vasodilator-Induced Renin Release. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics1991; 256 3: 850 - 860. (ref. 187)

  319. Bruneton J. Elementos de Fitoquímica y de Farmacognosia. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1991; 543-550.

  320. Farmacopea Francesa IX Edición. DAB 10.

  321. Garbacki N, Gloaguen V, Damas J, Bodart P, Tits M, Angenot L., Anti-inflammatory and immunological effects of Centaurea cyanus flower-heads., J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Dec 15;68(1-3):235-41.

  322. Takeda K, Osakabe A, Saito S, Furuyama D, Tomita A, Kojima Y, Yamadera M, Sakuta M., Components of protocyanin, a blue pigment from the blue flowers of Centaurea cyanus.Phytochemistry. 2005 Jul;66(13):1607-13.

  323. Foster, S. and V. Tyler. 1999. Tyler's Honest Herbal, 4th ed. New York: The Haworth Herbal Press.

  324. ElSohly, M.A. et al. 1975. Constituents of Ruscus aculeatus. Lloydia 38(2):106–108.

  325. Kloucek-Popova, E. et al., Acta Physiologica et pharmacolgica. Bulgarica (8) (1982), p. 63

  326. Foster, S. 1993. 101 Medicinal Herbs: An Illustrated Guide. Loveland: Interweave Press

  327. Tyler, V.E. 1994. Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press.

  328. Bradley, P.R. (ed.). 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicine Association

  329. Sellar, W., The directory of essential oils, 2001, The C. W. Daniel Company Ltd.

  330. Boik, J. 1995. Cancer and Natural Medicine: A Textbook of Basic Science and Clinical Research. Princeton, Minnesota: Oregon Medical Press.

  331. Kim, S. J.,"Effects of Flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba on Proliferation of Human Skin Fibroblast", Skin Pharmacology," 1997;10:200-205

  332. Planta Medica, April 2002, pages 316-321.

  333. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, July-August 1997, pages 200-205.

  334. Bederecioglu, M, Tercan, Mustafa, Ozyagan, Irfan, "The Effect of Gingko Biloba Extract (Egb 761) as a Free Radical Scavenger on the Survival of Skin Flaps in Rats" Scand J Plastic Reconstruction Hand Surgery", 1998;32:135-139

  335. Brown TJ, Alcorn D, Fraser JR, Absorption of hyaluronan applied to the surface of intact skin. , Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1999 Nov:113(5) : 740-6

  336. Ogawa K, Kawasaki A, Omura M, Yoshida T, Ikoma Y, Yano M., 3',5'-Di-C-beta-glucopyranosylphloretin, a flavonoid characteristic of the genus Fortunella., Phytochemistry. 2001 Jul;57(5):737-42.

  337. Dugo, Paola, Mondello, Luigi, Zappia, Giovanni, Bonaccorsi, Ivana,Et al, Composition of the Volatile Fraction and the Enantiomeric Distribution of Five Volatile Components of Faustrime Oil (Monocitrus australatica x Fortunella sp. x Citrus aurantifolia), The Journal of Essential Oil Research: JEOR,Jul/Aug 2004

  338. List and Horhammer, 1969–1979

  339. Taira T, Toma N, Ishihara M., Purification, characterization, and antifungal activity of chitinases from pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005 Jan;69(1):189-96.

  340. Rowan AD, Christopher CW, Kelley SF, Buttle DJ, Ehrlich HP. Debridement of experimental full-thickness skin burns of rats with enzyme fractions derived from pineapple stem. Burns. 1990 Aug;16(4):243-6.

  341. Taussig SJ, Batkin S., Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol. 1988 Feb-Mar;22(2):191-203.

  342. Taussig SJ, Szekerczes J, Batkin S., Inhibition of tumour growth in vitro by bromelain, an extract of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus).Planta Med. 1985 Dec;(6):538-9.

  343. Kubo M, Matsuda H, Tomohiro N, Harima S.[History and therapeutic evaluation of Citrus hassaku HORT. Tanaka]Yakushigaku Zasshi. 2004;39(2):363-4.

  344. Anon. 1991. Drug therapy for hemorrhoids. Proven results of therapy with a hamamelis containing hemorrhoid ointment. Results of a meeting of experts. Fortschr Med Suppl 116:1–11.

  345. Blackwell, R. 1998. A new look at aromatic hydrosols. Eur J Herbal Med 4(2):13–16.

  346. Braun, R. et al. 1997. Standardzulassungen für Fertigarzneimittel—Text and Kommentar . Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.

  347. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1983. Keighley, U.K.: British Herbal Medicine Association. 110.

  348. British Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC). 1934. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.

  349. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants . Paris: Lavoisier Publishing. 327.

  350. Budavari, S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals , 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, N.J.: Merck & Co, Inc. 786–787.

  351. Bundesanzeiger (BAnz). 1998. Monographien der Kommission E (Zulassungs- und Aufbereitungskommission am BGA für den humanmed. Bereich, phytotherapeutische Therapierichtung und Stoffgruppe). Köln: Bundesgesundheitsamt (BGA).

  352. Cowper, A.B. 1996. Manufacturing Handbook for Herbal Medicines. Morisset, Australia: Anne B Cowper. 31–38.

  353. Der Marderosian, A. (ed.). 1999. The Review of Natural Products. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons.

  354. Deutscher Arzneimittel-Codex (DAC). 1986. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.

  355. Diemunsch, A.M. and C. Mathis. 1987. Effet vasoconstricteur de l'hamamélis en application externe. STP Pharma 3:111–114.

  356. Duke, J.A. 1985. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs . Boca Raton: CRC Press.

  357. ESCOP. 1997. "Hamamelidis folium." Monographs on the Medicinal Uses of Plant Drugs. Exeter, U.K.: European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy.

  358. Europäisches Arzneibuch, 3rd ed. (Ph.Eur.3). 1997. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag. 1020–1021.

  359. German Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP). 1993. Translation of the German Homöopathisches Arzneibuch (HAB 1), 5th suppl. 1991 to the 1st ed. 1978. Stuttgart. Deutscher Apotheker Verlag. 489–498.

  360. Grieve, M. 1979. A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

  361. Hänsel, R., K. Keller, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (eds.). 1993. Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis , 5th ed. Vol. 5. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 367–384.

  362. The Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States (HPUS). 1992. Arlington, VA: Pharmacopoeia Convention of the American Institute of Homeopathy.

  363. Hughes-Formella, B.J. et al. 1998. Anti-inflammatory effect of hamamelis lotion in a UVB erythema test. Dermatology 196(3):316–322.

  364. Karnick, C.R. 1994. Pharmacopoeial Standards of Herbal Plants , Vol 2. Indian Medical Science Series, No. 37. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications. 173–174.

  365. Korting, H.C., M. Schafer-Korting, H. Hart, P. Laux, M. Schmid. 1993. Anti-inflammatory activity of hamamelis distillate applied topically to the skin. Influence of vehicle and dose. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 44(4):315–318.

  366. Korting H.C. et al. 1995. Comparative efficacy of hamamelis distillate and hydrocortisone cream in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 48(6):461–465.

  367. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics . 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

  368. McGuffin M, C. Hobbs, R. Upton, A. Goldberg. 1997. American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety Handbook . Boca Raton: CRC Press.

  369. Meyer-Buchtela, E. 1999. Tee-Rezepturen—Ein Handbuch für Apotheker und Ärzte. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.

  370. Millspaugh, C.F. 1974. American Medicinal Plants . New York: Dover Publications, Inc [reprint of 1892 American Plants ]. 227–229.

  371. Reynolds, J.E.F. (ed.). 1989. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia , 29th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press. 778–779.

  372. Tyler, V.E. 1994. Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals . New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press.

  373. United States Pharmacopeia , 24th rev. and National Formulary , 19th ed. (USP 24–NF19). 1999. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. 1755.

  374. Wichtl, M. (ed.). 1989. Teedrogen , 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.

  375. Wichtl, M. and N.G. Bisset (eds.). 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals . Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 243–247.

  376. Wichtl, M. 1996. Monographien—Kommentar . In: Braun, R. et al. 1997. Standardzulassungen für Fertigarzneimittel—Text and Kommentar . Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.

  377. Zeylstra, H. 1998. Hamamelis virginiana . British Journal of Phytotherapy 5(1):23–28.

  378. Gloor M, Reichling J, Wasik B, Holzgang HE., Antiseptic effect of a topical dermatological formulation that contains Hamamelis distillate and urea.Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2002 Jun;9(3):153-9.

  379. Deters A, Dauer A, Schnetz E, Fartasch M, Hensel A., High molecular compounds (polysaccharides and proanthocyanidins) from Hamamelis virginiana bark: influence on human skin keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and influence on irritated skin.Phytochemistry. 2001 Nov;58(6):949-58.

  380. Hughes-Formella BJ, Bohnsack K, Rippke F, Benner G, Rudolph M, Tausch I, Gassmueller J.,Anti-inflammatory effect of hamamelis lotion in a UVB erythema test. Dermatology. 1998;196(3):316-22.

  381. Masaki H, Atsumi T, Sakurai H., Protective activity of hamamelitannin on cell damage of murine skin fibroblasts induced by UVB irradiation. J Dermatol Sci. 1995 Jul;10(1):25-34.

  382. Masaki H, Sakaki S, Atsumi T, Sakurai H., Active-oxygen scavenging activity of plant extracts.Biol Pharm Bull. 1995 Jan;18(1):162-6.

  383. Gonzales GF, Valerio LG Jr.Medicinal plants from Peru: a review of plants as potential agents against cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2006 Sep;6(5):429-44.

  384. Lopes MI, Saffi J, Echeverrigaray S, Henriques JA, Salvador M., Mutagenic and antioxidant activities of Croton lechleri sap in biological systems., J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec;95(2-3):437-45

  385. Jones K., Review of sangre de drago (Croton lechleri)--a South American tree sap in the treatment of diarrhea, inflammation, insect bites, viral infections, and wounds: traditional uses to clinical research. J Altern Complement Med. 2003 Dec;9(6):877-96.

  386. Rossi D, Bruni R, Bianchi N, Chiarabelli C, Gambari R, Medici A, Lista A, Paganetto G.,Evaluation of the mutagenic, antimutagenic and antiproliferative potential of Croton lechleri (Muell. Arg.) latex., Phytomedicine. 2003 Mar;10(2-3):139-44

  387. Williams JE., Review of antiviral and immunomodulating properties of plants of the Peruvian rainforest with a particular emphasis on Una de Gato and Sangre de Grado. Altern Med Rev. 2001 Dec;6(6):567-79.

  388. Desmarchelier C, Witting Schaus F, Coussio J, Cicca G., Effects of Sangre de Drago from Croton lechleri Muell.-Arg. on the production of active oxygen radicals., J Ethnopharmacol. 1997 Oct;58(2):103-8.

  389. Phillipson JD., A matter of some sensitivity., Phyto-chemistry. 1995 Apr;38(6):1319-43.

  390. Chen ZP, Cai Y, Phillipson JD., Studies on the anti-tumour, anti-bacterial, and wound-healing properties of dragon's blood., Planta Med. 1994 Dec;60(6):541-5.

  391. Pieters L, de Bruyne T, Claeys M, Vlietinck A, Calomme M, vanden Berghe D., Isolation of a dihydrobenzofuran lignan from South American dragon's blood (Croton spp.) as an inhibitor of cell proliferation. J Nat Prod. 1993 Jun;56(6):899-906

  392. Vaisberg AJ, Milla M, Planas MC, Cordova JL, de Agusti ER, Ferreyra R, Mustiga MC, Carlin L, Hammond GB. Taspine is the cicatrizant principle in Sangre de Grado extracted from Croton lechleri. Planta Med. 1989 Apr;55(2):140-3.

  393. Perdue GP, Blomster RN, Blake DA, Farnsworth NR., South American plants II: taspine isolation and anti-inflammatory activity., J Pharm Sci. 1979 Jan;68(1):124-6.

  394. Fu FJ, Tseng TH, Lee WJ, Yen CC, Yin YF, Liao CW, Liu KM., Promoting neoplastic transformation of humic acid in mouse epidermal JB6 Cl41 cells., Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Sep 25;162(3):249-58.

  395. Seffner, W. "Effects of humic acid on the availability of iodine in the food, investigated with the histometric assessment of the thyroid gland". Conference Paper Mengen- und spurenelemente-15 Arbelstagund, 1995.

  396. Bernacci, F. et al. "In vivo and in vitro mutagenicity studies on natural humic acid". Conference paper 37, Riunione scientifica, October 1991.

  397. Gau, R. et al. "Induction of oxidative stress by humic acid through increasing intracellular iron; a possible mechanism leading to atherothrombotic vascular disorder in blackfoot disease". Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2001; Vol 283; Issue 4: 743-49.

  398. Iubitskaia , NS . "Sodium humate in the treatment of osteoarthritis patients." Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 1999; Issue 5, 22-24.

  399. Schiller, F. "Results of an oriented clinical trial of ammonium humate for the local treatment of herpesvirus hominis (HVH) infections". Dermatol Monatsschr, 1979, Vol. 165; Issue 7; 505-09.

  400. Riede, U.N. "Humate induced activation of human granulocytes. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol, 1991; Issue 1: 27-34.

  401. Herzig, I. "The effect of sodium humate on cadmium deposition in the organs of chickens". Vet Med, 1994, Vol 39; Issue 4; 175-85.

  402. Hampi, I, et al. "Pharmacokinetics of sodium humate in chickens". Vet Med, 1994; Vol 39, Issue 6; 305-313.

  403. Schneider, J, et al. "Inhibition of HIV-1 in cell culture by synthetic humate analogues derived from hydroquinone; mechanism of inhibition". Virology, 1996; Vol 218, Issue 2, 389-95.

  404. Thiel, KD, et al. "In vitro studies of the antiviral activity of ammonium humate against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2". Zentralbl Bakteriol, 1977; Vol. 239, Issue 3, 304-321.

  405. Laub, R. "The chemically induced inhibition of HSV infection". Laub BioChem Corp., August 1998.

  406. Laub, R. "The chemically induced inhibition of HIV-1 replication". Laub BioChem Corp., January 1995.

  407. Black, M.J. 1980. Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series No. 65.

  408. Bradley, P.R. (ed.). 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicine Association.

  409. Braun, R. et al. 1997. Standardzulassungen für Fertigarzneimittel—Text and Kommentar. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.

  410. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1996. Exeter, U.K.: British Herbal Medicine Association.

  411. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.

  412. Budavari, S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, N.J.: Merck & Co, Inc.

  413. Chamberlin, R.V. 1911. The Ethnobotany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah. Memoirs Amer Anthro Assoc 2(5):331–405.

  414. Chandler, R.F. 1983. Vindication of Maritime Indian herbal remedies. J Ethnopharmacol 9(2–3):323–327.

  415. Chandler, R.F. and S.N. Hooper. 1982. Herbal remedies of the Maritime Indians: a preliminary screening. Part III. J Ethnopharmacol 6(3):275–285.

  416. Chandler, R.F. et al. 1982. Herbal remedies of the Maritime Indians: sterols and triterpenes of Achillea millefolium L. (Yarrow). J Pharm Sci 71(6):690–693.

  417. Chandler, R.F., L. Freeman, S.N. Hooper. 1979. Herbal remedies of the Maritime Indians. J Ethnopharmacol 1(1):49–68.

  418. Deutsches Arzneibuch (DAB 1997). 1997. Stuttgart: Deutscher ApothekerVerlag.

  419. Deutscher Arzneimittel-Codex (DAC). 1986. Stuttgart: Deutscher ApothekerVerlag.

  420. Grieve, M. 1967. A Modern Herbal, Vol. 2. New York; London: Hafner Publishing Co. 863–865.

  421. Hamel, P.B. and M.U. Chiltoskey. 1975. Cherokee Plants. Sylva, N.C.: Herald Publishing Co. 62.

  422. Herrick, J.W. 1977. Iroquois Medical Botany. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International. 470.

  423. Hooper, S.N. and R.F. Chandler. 1984. Herbal remedies of the Maritime Indians: phytosterols and triterpenes of 67 plants. J Ethnopharmacol 10(2):181–194.

  424. Karnick, C.R. 1994. Pharmacopoeial Standards of Herbal Plants, Vol. 2. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications. 150.

  425. Lacey, L. 1993. Micmac Medicines—Remedies and Recollections. Halifax, NS: Nimbus Publishing Ltd. 95, 116.

  426. Lange, D. and U. Schippmann. 1997. Trade Survey of Medicinal Plants in Germany—A Contribution to International Plant Species Conservation. Bonn: Bundesamt für Naturschutz. 33.

  427. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

  428. McGuffin, M., C. Hobbs, R. Upton, A. Goldberg. 1997. American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

  429. Nadkarni, K.M. 1976. Indian Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 20.

  430. Newall, C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.

  431. Österreichisches Arzneibuch, 1st suppl. (ÖAB). 1981–1983. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei.

  432. Pharmacopée Française Xe Édition (Ph.Fr.X.). 1983–1990. Moulins-les-Metz: Maisonneuve S.A.

  433. Pharmacopoeia Helvetica, 7th ed. Vol. 1–4. (Ph.Helv.VII). 1987. Bern: Office Central Fédéral des Imprimés et du Matériel.

  434. Rousseau, J. 1947. Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore 11:145–182.

  435. Tantaquidgeon, G. 1928. Mohegan Medicinal Practices. SI-BAE Annual Report (43):264–270.

  436. Wichtl, M. and N.G. Bisset (eds.). 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers.

  437. Zeylstra, H. 1997. Just Yarrow? Brit J Phytother 4(4):184–189.

  438. Mahasneh A.M., El-Oqlah A.A., Antimicrobial activity of extracts of herbal plants used in the traditional medicine of Jordan.J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Mar;64(3):271-6.

  439. Kirmizigul S, Goren N, Yang SW, Cordell GA, Bozok-Johansson C., Spinonin, a novel glycoside from Ononis spinosa subsp. leiosperma. J Nat Prod. 1997 Apr;60(4):378-81.

  440. Wren RC (1975) Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations (re-edited and enlarged by Wren RW). Bradford, Devon: Health Science Press

  441. Usher G (1974) A Dictionary of Plants used by Man. London: Constable and Company

  442. Kim MR, Lee JY, Lee HH, Aryal DK, Kim YG, Kim SK, Woo ER, Kang KW., Antioxidative effects of quercetin-glycosides isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara L. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Aug;44(8):1299-307.

  443. Cho J, Kim HM, Ryu JH, Jeong YS, Lee YS, Jin C., Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of the ethyl acetate fraction prepared from Tussilago farfara L., Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Mar;28(3):455-60.

  444. Kokoska L, Polesny Z, Rada V, Nepovim A, Vanek T., Screening of some Siberian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity., J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Sep;82(1):51-3.

  445. Liu KY, Zhang TJ, Gao WY, Chen HX, Zheng YN., Phytochemical and pharmacological research progress in Tussilago farfara], Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Nov;31(22):1837-41.

  446. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, March 2002, pages 1845–1851

  447. Segvic Klaric M, Kosalec I, Mastelic J, Pieckova E, Pepeljnak S.,Antifungal activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and thymol against moulds from damp dwellings., Lett Appl Microbiol. 2007 Jan;44(1):36-42.

  448. Nolkemper S, Reichling J, Stintzing FC, Carle R, Schnitzler P., Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro., Planta Med. 2006 Dec;72(15):1378-82. Epub 2006 Nov 7.

  449. Sun ZX, Zhang YH, Cheng S, Ma QW, Guo SL, Zhang JB., [Anti-tumor effect of ethanol extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak on human leukemia cell line], Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2005 Sep;3(5):382-5.

  450. Agbor GA, Oben JE, Ngogang JY, Xinxing C, Vinson JA., Antioxidant capacity of some herbs/spices from cameroon: a comparative study of two methods., J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Aug 24;53(17):6819-24.

  451. Lima CF, Valentao PC, Andrade PB, Seabra RM, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C., Water and methanolic extracts of Salvia officinalis protect HepG2 cells from t-BHP induced oxidative damage., Chem Biol Interact. 2007 Apr 25;167(2):107-15.

  452. Aherne SA, Kerry JP, O'Brien NM., Effects of plant extracts on antioxidant status and oxidant-induced stress in Caco-2 cells. Br J Nutr. 2007 Feb;97(2):321-8.

  453. Weckesser S, Engel K, Simon-Haarhaus B, Wittmer A, Pelz K, Schempp CM., Screening of plant extracts for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts with dermatological relevance., Phytomedicine. 2007 Feb 7

  454. Horiuchi K, Shiota S, Kuroda T, Hatano T, Yoshida T, Tsuchiya T.,Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides by carnosol from Salvia officinalis., Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Feb;30(2):287-90.

  455. Kennedy DO, Scholey AB.,The psychopharmacology of European herbs with cognition-enhancing properties., Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(35):4613-23.

  456. Bors W, Michel C, Stettmaier K, Lu Y, Foo LY., Antioxidant mechanisms of polyphenolic caffeic acid oligomers, constituents of Salvia officinalis., Biol Res. 2004;37(2):301-11.

  457. Pereira RS, Sumita TC, Furlan MR, Jorge AO, Ueno M., [Antibacterial activity of essential oils on microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection], Rev Saude Publica. 2004 Apr;38(2):326-8. Epub 2004 Apr 26.

  458. Aizenman BE, Derbentseva NA, Zelepukha SI, Negrash AK, Volosovets PS., [Salvin, an antibiotic from Salvia officinalis], Mikrobiol Zh. 1982 May-Jun;44(3):69-72.

  459. Patora J, Klimek B., Flavonoids from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L., Lamiaceae)., Acta Pol Pharm. 2002 Mar-Apr;59(2):139-43.

  460. Kultur S., Medicinal plants used in Kirklareli Province (Turkey)., J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 May 4;111(2):341-364 

  461. Apak R, Guclu K, Ozyurek M, Esin Karademir S, Ercag E. The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas., Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2006 Aug-Sep;57(5-6):292-304.

  462. Ferreira A, Proenca C, Serralheiro ML, Araujo ME., The in vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from Portugal., J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Nov 3;108(1):31-7.

  463. Marongiu B, Porcedda S, Piras A, Rosa A, Deiana M, Dessi MA., Antioxidant activity of supercritical extract of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis and Melissa officinalis subsp. inodora., Phytother Res. 2004 Oct;18(10):789-92.

  464. Hohmann J, Zupko I, Redei D, Csanyi M, Falkay G, Mathe I, Janicsak G., Protective effects of the aerial parts of Salvia officinalis, Melissa Officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia and their constituents against enzyme-dependent and enzyme-independent lipid peroxidation., Planta Med. 1999 Aug;65(6):576-8.

  465. de Sousa AC, Alviano DS, Blank AF, Alves PB, Alviano CS, Gattass CR., Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities., J Pharm Pharmacol. 2004 May;56(5):677-81.

  466. Uzun E, Sariyar G, Adsersen A, Karakoc B, Otuk G, Oktayoglu E, Pirildar S., Traditional medicine in Sakarya province (Turkey) and antimicrobial activities of selected species., J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec;95(2-3):287-96.

  467. Mimica-Dukic N, Bozin B, Sokovic M, Simin N., Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil., J Agric Food Chem. 2004 May 5;52(9):2485-9.Nolkemper S, Reichling J, Stintzing FC, Carle R, Schnitzler P., Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro., Planta Med. 2006 Dec;72(15):1378-82.

  468. Nolkemper S, Reichling J, Stintzing FC, Carle R, Schnitzler P., Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro., Planta Med. 2006 Dec;72(15):1378-82.
  469. Yamasaki K, Nakano M, Kawahata T, Mori H, Otake T, Ueba N, Oishi I, Inami R, Yamane M, Nakamura M, Murata H, Nakanishi T., Anti-HIV-1 activity of herbs in Labiatae., Biol Pharm Bull. 1998 Aug;21(8):829-33.
  470. Kucera LS, Herrmann EC Jr., Antiviral substances in plants of the mint family (labiatae). I. Tannin of Melissa officinalis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1967 Mar;124(3):865-9.
  471. Koytchev R, Alken RG, Dundarov S., Balm mint extract (Lo-701) for topical treatment of recurring herpes labialis., Phytomedicine. 1999 Oct;6(4):225-30.
  472. Gaby AR., Natural remedies for Herpes simplex., Altern Med Rev. 2006 Jun;11(2):93-101.
  473. Allahverdiyev A, Duran N, Ozguven M, Koltas S., Antiviral activity of the volatile oils of Melissa officinalis L. against Herpes simplex virus type-2., Phytomedicine. 2004 Nov;11(7-8):657-61
  474. Dimitrova Z, Dimov B, Manolova N, Pancheva S, Ilieva D, Shishkov S., Antiherpes effect of Melissa officinalis L. extracts., Acta Microbiol Bulg. 1993;29:65-72.
  475. de Sousa AC, Alviano DS, Blank AF, Alves PB, Alviano CS, Gattass CR., Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities., J Pharm Pharmacol. 2004 May;56(5):677-81.
  476. Iauk L, Lo Bue AM, Milazzo I, Rapisarda A, Blandino G., Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against periodontopathic bacteria. Phytother Res. 2003 Jun;17(6):599-604.
  477. Schulz H, Albroscheit G., High-performance liquid chromatographic characterization of some medical plant extracts used in cosmetic formulas., J Chromatogr. 1988 Jun 17;442:353-61
  478. Kobayashi A, Hachiya A, Ohuchi A, Kitahara T, Takema Y., Inhibitory mechanism of an extract of Althaea officinalis L. on endothelin-1-induced melanocyte activation., Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Feb;25(2):229-34.
  479. Braun H. and D. Frohne. 1987. Heilpflanzenlexikon für Ärzte und Apotheker, 5th ed. Stuttgart-New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 14–15
  480. Braun, R. et al. 1997. Standardzulassungen für Fertigarzneimittel—Text and Kommentar. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  481. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1990. Bournemouth, U.K.: British Herbal Medicine Association.
  482. Council of Europe. 1981. Flavouring Substances and Natural Sources of Flavourings, 3rd ed. Strasbourg: Maisonneuve.
  483. Franz, G. 1966. Die Schleimpolysaccharide vom Althaea officinalis und Malva sylvestris. Planta Med 14:90–110.
  484. Franz, G. and M. Chladek. 1973. Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Zusammensetzung von Rohschleimen aus Kreuzungsnachkommen von Althaea officinalis L. x Althaea armeniaca Ten [Comparative studies on the composition of crude mucus from crossbred descendants of Althaea officinalis L. and Althaea armeniaca Ten]. Pharmazie 28(2):128–129.
  485. Franz, G. and A. Madaus. 1990. Stabilität von Polysacchariden. Untersuchungen am Beispiel des Eibischschleims. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 130:2194–2199.
  486. Hänsel, R., K. Keller, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (eds.). 1992. Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5th ed. Vol. 4. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 233–239.
  487. Kantee, H. 1973. Althaea, ipecacuanha, senega ja thymus yskanlaakkeissa.[[Althaea, ipecac, senega and thyme as cough medicines] [In Finnish]. Sairaanhoitaja 49(5):32.
  488. Kapoor, L.D. 1990. Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 32.
  489. McGuffin, M., C. Hobbs, R. Upton, A. Goldberg. 1997. American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  490. Nadkarni, K.M. 1976. Indian Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 84–85.
  491. Pharmacopée Française Xe Édition (Ph.Fr.X.). 1983–1990. Moulins-les-Metz: Maisonneuve S.A.
  492. Reynolds, J.E.F. (ed.). 1993. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  493. Trease, G.E. and W.C. Evans. 1989. Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy, 13th ed. London; Philadelphia: Baillière Tindall. 375.
  494. Wagner, H., S. Bladt, E.M. Zgainski. 1984. Plant Drug Analysis. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 163 et seq.
  495. Weiss, R.F. 1991. Lehrbuch der Phytotherapie, 7th ed. Stuttgart: Hippokrates Verlag. 258–259.
  496. Wichtl, M. (ed.). 1997. Teedrogen, 4th ed. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.
  497. Mukherjee PK, Suresh B., The evaluation of wound-healing potential of Hypericum hookerianum leaf and stem extracts., J Altern Complement Med. 2000 Feb;6(1):61-9. 
  498. Schempp CM, Winghofer B, Ludtke R, Simon-Haarhaus B, Schopf E, Simon JC., Topical application of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and of its metabolite hyperforin inhibits the allostimulatory capacity of epidermal cells., Br J Dermatol. 2000 May;142(5):979-84. 
  499. Deutsches Grunes Kreuz e.V., [St. John's wort treatment relieves skin inflammation and pruritus in neurodermatitis], Kinderkrankenschwester. 2005 Nov;24(11):479.
  500. Saller R, Melzer J, Reichling J., [St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): a plurivalent raw material for traditional and modern therapies], Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2003 Apr;10 
  501. Rabanal RM, Arias A, Prado B, Hernandez-Perez M, Sanchez-Mateo CC., Antimicrobial studies on three species of Hypericum from the Canary Islands., J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Jul;81(2):287-92. 6:44 AM 02-May-07
  502. Schempp CM, Ludtke R, Winghofer B, Simon JC., Effect of topical application of Hypericum perforatum extract (St. John's wort) on skin sensitivity to solar simulated radiation., Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2000 Jun;16(3):125-8.
  503. Witkowska-Banaszczak E, Bylka W, Matlawska I, Goslinska O., Antimicrobial activity of Viola tricolor herb., Fitoterapia. 2005 Jul;76(5):458-61.
  504. Rimkiene S, Ragazinskiene O, Savickiene N., The cumulation of Wild pansy (Viola tricolor L.) accessions: the possibility of species preservation and usage in medicine., Medicina (Kaunas). 2003;39(4):411-6.
  505. Laidet B, Letourneur M., [Enzymatic debridement of leg ulcers using papain], Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1993;120(3):248.
  506. BECK WC, GENT D., Enzymatic debridement with topical papain., Guthrie Clin Bull. 1953 Oct;23(2):149-51.
  507. Hewitt H, Whittle S, Lopez S, Bailey E, Weaver S., Topical use of papaya in chronic skin ulcer therapy in Jamaica., West Indian Med J. 2000 Mar;49(1):32-3.
  508. McCarthy DJ., Therapeutic considerations in the podiatric care of ulcerations., Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1986 Jul;3(3):487-504.
  509. Morgan JE., Topical therapy of pressure ulcers., Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1975 Dec;141(6):945-7. 
  510. Starley IF, Mohammed P, Schneider G, Bickler SW., The treatment of paediatric burns using topical papaya., Burns. 1999 Nov;25(7):636-9.
  511. Dawkins G, Hewitt H, Wint Y, Obiefuna PC, Wint B., Antibacterial effects of Carica papaya fruit on common wound organisms., West Indian Med J. 2003 Dec;52(4):290-2. 
  512. Pieper B, Caliri MH., Nontraditional wound care: A review of the evidence for the use of sugar, papaya/papain, and fatty acids., J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2003 Jul;30(4):175-83.
  513. Glenn J., Managing a traumatic wound in a geriatric patient., Ostomy Wound Manage. 2006 Apr;52(4):94-8. 
  514. Starley IF, Mohammed P, Schneider G, Bickler SW., The treatment of paediatric burns using topical papaya., Burns. 1999 Nov;25(7):636-9.
  515. Laidet B, Letourneur M., [Enzymatic debridement of leg ulcers using papain], Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1993;120(3):248.
  516. BECK WC, GENT D., Enzymatic debridement with topical papain., Guthrie Clin Bull. 1953 Oct;23(2):149-51.
  517. BARRETT et al, 1978, Taxonomy and natural history of Bacopa in California, SYSST.BOT., 3, (4), p408
  518. BRUNETON , 1999, Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie des plantes Médicinales, part.3, p671, 3eme ed., Ed Tec et Doc, LAVOISIER
  519. CHOPRA et al , 1956, Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. CSIR, Nex Delhi, 1956, 32.,
  520. CHOPRA et al, 1969, Glossary of Indian medicinal plants, CSIR, Rafi Marg, Nex Delhi, 1969, p10.
  521. DAR et al, 1997, Relaxant effect of ethanol extract of bacopa on trachea, pulmonary artery and aorta, Phytotherapy Research, 11, (4), p323
  522. DAR et al, 1999, Calcium antagonist activity of Bacopa monniera, J Ethnopharmacol, Aug 66 (2), p167
  523. DUTTA et BASU, 1963, Terpenoids :Isolation of new triterpen saponins, Indian J. Chemistry, 1, p408
  524. DUTTA et BASU, Terpenoïds : structure of tetrasaccharide of monnierin, Indian J. Chemistry, 6, p471
  525. ELANGOVAN et al, 1995, In vitro studies on the anti-cancer activity of Bacopa monnieri, Fitoterapia, 66, (3), p211
  526. GARAI et al, 1996, BacopasadoninD : a pseudojujubogenin from Bacopa monniera, Phytochemistry, 43, (2), p447
  527. VOHORA et al, 1997, Analgesic activity of bacosine, a new triterpène isolated from bacopa monnieri, Fitoterapia, 68,(4), p361
  528. Ravikumar S, Nazar S, Nuralshiefa A, Abideen S., Antibacterial activity of traditional therapeutic coastal medicinal plants against some pathogens., J Environ Biol. 2005 Jun;26(2 Suppl):383-6. 
  529. Chaudhuri PK, Srivastava R, Kumar S, Kumar S., Phytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of Bacopa monnieri and Holmskioldia sanguinea., Phytother Res. 2004 Feb;18(2):114-7.
  530. Rastogi S, Pal R, KulshreshthaDK., Bacoside A3--a triterpenoid saponin from Bacopa monniera., Phytochemistry. 1994 May;36(1):133-7.
  531. Roodenrys S, Booth D, Bulzomi S, Phipps A, Micallef C, Smoker J., Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory., Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Aug;27(2):279-81.
  532. Mishra S, Srivastava S, Tripathi RD, Govindarajan R, Kuriakose SV, Prasad MN., Phytochelatin synthesis and response of antioxidants during cadmium stress in Bacopa monnieri L., Plant Physiol Biochem. 2006 Jan;44(1):25-37.
  533. Murphy LA, White IR, Rastogi SC., Is hypoallergenic a credible term?, Clin Exp Dermatol. 2004 May;29(3):325-7.
  534. Knutson Kl, Ryden A M., Mander B A., Van Cauter E., Role of sleep duration and quality in the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus., Department of Medicine, University of Chacago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Arch Intern Med 2006 Sept 18; 166 (16) : 1768 - 74
  535. Mindell, Earl, The Anti-Ageing Bible. Simon & Schuster, Souvenir Press Ltd. London, WC1B 3PA, 1995
  536. Tafaro L., Cicconetti P., Baratta A., Brukner N., Ettorre E., Mariqliano V., Cacciafesta M., Sleep Quality o Centenarians: Cognitive and Survival Implication. Arch Gerontol, GERIATR 2007; 44 SUPPL: 385-9
  537. Meirinhos J, Silva BM, Valentao P, Seabra RM, Pereira JA, Dias A, Andrade PB, Ferreres F., Analysis and quantification of flavonoidic compounds from Portuguese olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf cultivars., Nat Prod Res. 2005 Feb;19(2):189-95. 
  538. Campeol E, Flamini G, Cioni PL, Morelli I, D'Andrea F, Cremonini R., 1,5-Anhydroxylitol from leaves of Olea europaea., Carbohydr Res. 2004 Nov 15;339(16):2731-2. 
  539. Katsiki M, Chondrogianni N, Chinou L, Rivett AJ, Gonos ES., The Olive Constituent Oleuropein Exhibits Proteasome Stimulatory Properties In Vitro and Confers Life Span Extension of Human Embryonic Fibroblasts., Rejuvenation Res. 2007 May 18
  540. O'Brien NM, Carpenter R, O'Callaghan YC, O'Grady MN, Kerry JP., Modulatory effects of resveratrol, citroflavan-3-ol, and plant-derived extracts on oxidative stress in U937 cells., J Med Food. 2006 Summer;9(2):187-95. 
  541. Briante R, Patumi M, Terenziani S, Bismuto E, Febbraio F, Nucci R., Olea europaea L. leaf extract and derivatives: antioxidant properties., J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Aug 14;50(17):4934-40
  542. Paiva-Martins F, Gordon MH., Isolation and characterization of the antioxidant component 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl 4-formyl-3-formylmethyl-4-hexenoate from olive (Olea europaea) leaves., J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Sep;49(9):4214-9.
  543. Micol V, Caturla N, Perez-Fons L, Mas V, Perez L, Estepa A., The olive leaf extract exhibits antiviral activity against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV)., Antiviral Res. 2005 Jun;66(2-3):129-36.
  544. Markin D, Duek L, Berdicevsky I., In vitro antimicrobial activity of olive leaves., Mycoses. 2003 Apr;46(3-4):132-6.
  545. Fleck CA., Managing ichthyosis: a case study., Ostomy Wound Manage. 2006 Apr;52(4):82-6, 88, 90
  546. Prashar A, Hili P, Veness RG, Evans CS., Antimicrobial action of palmarosa oil (Cymbopogon martinii) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae., Phytochemistry. 2003 Jul;63(5):569-75.
  547. Blume-Peytavi U, Kunte C, Krisp A, Bartels NG, Ellwanger U, Hoffmann R., Comparison of the efficacy and safety of topical minoxidil and topical alfatradiol in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women., J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007 May
  548. Kwon OS, Pyo HK, Oh YJ, Han JH, Lee SR, Chung JH, Eun HC, Kim KH., Promotive effect of minoxidil combined with all-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) on human hair growth in vitro., J Korean Med Sci. 2007 Apr;22
  549. Yoo HG, Chang IY, Pyo HK, Kang YJ, Lee SH, Kwon OS, Cho KH, Eun HC, Kim KH., The additive effects of minoxidil and retinol on human hair growth in vitro., Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Jan
  550. Akar A, Orkunoglu FE, Ozata M, Sengul A, Gur AR., Lack of association between Vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism and alopecia areata. Eur J Dermatol. 2004 May-Jun;14(3):156-8.
  551. Trost LB, Bergfeld WF, Calogeras E., The diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency and its potential relationship to hair loss., J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Mar;56(3):518-9
  552. Hashizume H. Skin aging and dry skin. Dermatol. 2004; 31(8): 603-609.
  553. Yasui H, Sakurai H. Age-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species in the skin of live hairless rats exposed to UVA light. Exp. Dermatol. 2003; 12(5): 655-661.
  554. Roupe G. Skin of the aging human being. Lakartidningen. 2001; 98(10): 1091-1095.
  555. Wulf HC, Sandby-Moller J, Kobayasi T, Gniadecki R. Skin aging and natural photoprotection. Micron. 2004; 35(3): 185-191.
  556. Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Randazzo SD, Randazzo G, Catalano C, Geraci G, et al. Oxidative stress and antioxidants at skin biosurface: a novel antioxidant from lemon oil capable of inhibiting oxidative damage to the skin. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 1999; 25(6): 281-287.
  557. ElSohly MA, Gul W, Murphy TP. Analysis of the anthraquinones aloe-emodin and aloin by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Int .Immunopharmacol. 2004; 4(14): 1739-1744.
  558. Saleem R, Faizi S, Siddiqui BS, Ahmed M, Hussain SA, Qazi A, et al. Hypotensive effect of chemical constituents from Aloe barbadensis. Planta Med. 2001; 67(8): 757-760.
  559. Yagi A, Takeo S. Anti-inflammatory constituents, aloesin and aloemannan in Aloe species and effects of tanshinon VI in Salvia miltiorrhiza on heart. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2003; 123(7): 517-532.
  560. Kostalova D, Bezakova L, Oblozinsky M, Kardosova A. Isolation and characterization of active compounds from Aloe vera with a possible role in skin protection. Ceska. Slov. Farm. 2004; 53(5): 248-251.
  561. Esteban A, Zapata JM, Casano L, Martin M, Sabater B. Peroxidase activity in Aloe barbadensis commercial gel: Probable role in skin protection. Planta Med. 2000; 66(8): 724-727.
  562. Byeon SW, Pelley RP, Ullrich SE, Waller TA, Bucana CD, Strickland FM. Aloe barbadensis extracts reduce the production of interleukin-10 after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1998; 110(5): 811-817.
  563. Heggers JP, Kucukcelebi A, Listengarten D, Stabenau J, Ko F, Broemeling LD et al. Beneficial effect of Aloe on wound healing in an excisional wound model. J. Altern. Complement Med. 1996; 2(2): 271-277.
  564. Cai Y, Sun M, Xing J, Corke H. Antioxidant phenolic constituents in roots of Rheum officinale and Rubia cordifolia: Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004; 52(26): 7884-7890.
  565. Qiao YF, Wang SX, Wu LJ, Li X, Zhu TR. Studies on antibacterial constituents from the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1990; 25(11): 834-839.
  566. Tripathi YB, Sharma M, Manickam M. Rubiadin, a new antioxidant from Rubia cordifolia. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 1997; 34(3): 302-306.
  567. Tripathi YB, Sharma M. The interaction of Rubia cordifolia with iron redox status: A mechanistic aspect in free radical reactions. Phytomed. 1999; 6(1): 51-57.
  568. Yilmaz Y, Toledo RT. Major flavonoids in grape seeds and skins: Antioxidant capacity of catechin, epicatechin, and gallic acid. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004; 52(2): 255-260.
  569. Waffo Teguo P, Fauconneau B, Deffieux G, Huguet F, Vercauteren J, Merillon JM. Isolation, identification, and antioxidant activity of three stilbene glucosides newly extracted from Vitis vinifera cell cultures. J. Nat. Prod. 1998; 61(5): 655-657.
  570. Zenner L, Callait MP, Granier C, Chauve C. In vitro effect of essential oils from Cinnamomum aromaticum, Citrus limon and Allium sativum on two intestinal flagellates of poultry, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis. Parasite. 2003; 10(2): 153-157.
  571. Jagetia GC, Venkatesha VA, Reddy TK. Naringin, a citrus flavonone, protects against radiation-induced chromosome damage in mouse bone marrow. Mutagenesis. 2003; 18(4): 337-343.
  572. Seybold C, Frohlich K, Bitsch R, Otto K, Bohm V. Changes in contents of carotenoids and vitamin E during tomato processing. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004; 52(23): 7005-7010.
  573. Riso P, Brusamolino A, Scalfi L, Porrini M. Bioavailability of carotenoids from spinach and tomatoes. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2004; 14(3): 150-156.
  574. Bourne LC, Rice-Evans C. Bioavailability of ferulic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1998; 253(2): 222-227.
  575. Balestrieri ML, De Prisco R, Nicolaus B, Pari P, Moriello VS, Strazzullo G, et al. Lycopene in association with alpha-tocopherol or tomato lipophilic extracts enhances acyl-platelet-activating factor biosynthesis in endothelial cells during oxidative stress. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2004; 36(8): 1058-1067.
  576. Hongratanaworakit T, Heuberger E, Buchbauer G. Evaluation of the effects of East Indian sandalwood oil and alpha-santalol on humans after transdermal absorption. Planta Med. 2004; 70(1): 3-7.
  577. Lie Ken Jie MS, Pasha MK, Ahmad F. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of santalbic acid and a study of triacylglycerol species in Santalum album (Linn.) seed oil. Lipids 1996; 31(10): 1083-1089.
  578. Yu JG, Cong PZ, Lin JT, Zhang YJ, Hong SL, Tu G Z. Studies on the structure of alpha-trans-bergamotenol from Chinese sandalwood oil. Yao. Xue. Xue. Bao. 1993; 28(11): 840-844.
  579. Jagetia GC, Baliga MS. The evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity of certain Indian medicinal plants in vitro: A preliminary study. J. Med. Food 2004; 7(3): 343-348.
  580. Matsuda H, Toguchida I, Ninomiya K, Kageura T, Morikawa T, Yoshikawa M. Effects of sesquiterpenes and amino acid-sesquiterpene conjugates from the roots of Saussurea lappa on inducible nitric oxide synthase and heat shock protein in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003; 11(5): 709-715.
  581. Jin M, Lee HJ, Ryu JH, Chung KS. Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production and NF-kappaB activation by a sesquiterpene from Saussurea lappa. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2000; 23(1): 54-58.
  582. Cho JY, Baik KU, Jung JH, Park MH. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, from Saussurea lappa. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2000; 398(3): 399-407.
  583. Ahmad VU, Abbasi MA, Hussain H, Akhtar MN, Farooq U, Fatima N, et al. Phenolic glycosides from Symplocos racemosa: Natural inhibitors of phosphodiesterase I. Phytochemistry 2003; 63(2): 217-220.
  584. Kikuzaki H, Kawai Y, Nakatani N. Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging active compounds from greater cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo). 2001; 47(2): 167-171.
  585. Dhuley JN. Anti-oxidant effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark and greater cardamom (Amomum subulatum) seeds in rats fed high fat diet. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1999; 37(3): 238-242.
  586. Ukil A, Maity S, Karmakar S, Datta N, Vedasiromoni JR, Das PK. Curcumin, the major component of food flavour turmeric, reduces mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2003; 139(2): 209-218.
  587. Rasmussen HB, Christensen SB, Kvist LP, Karazmi A. A simple and efficient separation of the curcumins, the antiprotozoal constituents of Curcuma longa Planta Med. 2000; 66(4): 396-398.
  588. Hu Y, Du Q, Tang Q. Determination of chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Curcuma longa by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Se Pu. 1998; 16(6): 528-529.
  589. Baliga MS, Jagetia GC, Rao SK, Babu K. Evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity of certain spices in vitro: A preliminary study. Nahrung. 2003; 47(4): 261-264.
  590. Miquel J. Nutrition and ageing. Public Health Nutr. 2001; 4(6A): 1385-1388.
  591. Ray S, Chattopadhyay N, Mitra A, Siddiqi M, Chatterjee A. Curcumin exhibits antimetastatic properties by modulating integrin receptors, collagenase activity, and expression of Nm23 and E-cadherin. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 2003; 22(1): 49-
  592. Fukai T, Marumo A, Kaitou K, Kanda T, Terada S, Nomura T. Anti-Helicobacter pylori flavonoids from licorice extract. Life Sci. 2002;71(12):1449-1463.
  593. Li W, Asada Y, Yoshikawa T. Flavonoid constituents from Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root cultures. Phytochem. 2000; 55(5): 447-456.
  594. Hayashi H, Zhang SL, Nakaizumi T, Shimura K, Yamaguchi M, Inoue K et al. Field survey of Glycyrrhiza plants in central Asia (2). Characterization of phenolics and their variation in the leaves of Glycyrrhiza plants collected in Kazakhstan. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo). 2003; 51(10): 1147-1152.
  595. Biondi DM, Rocco C, Ruberto G. New dihydrostilbene derivatives from the leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. J. Nat. Prod. 2003; 66(4): 477-480.
  596. Iuldashev MP, Batirov EKh, Vdovin AD, Abdullaev ND. Glabrizoflavone: A novel isoflavone from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Bioorg. Khim. 2000; 26(11): 873-876.
  597. Kanazawa M, Satomi Y, Mizutani Y, Ukimura O, Kawauchi A, Sakai T, et al. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits the growth of prostate cancer. Eur. Urol. 2003; 43(5): 580-586.
  598. Kroes BH, Beukelman CJ, van den Berg AJ, Wolbink GJ, van Dijk H, Labadie RP. Inhibition of human complement by beta-glycyrrhetinic acid. Immunol. 1997; 90(1): 115-120.
  599. Naik GH, Priyadarsini KI, Satav JG, Banavalikar MM, Sohoni DP, Biyani MK, et al. Comparative antioxidant activity of individual herbal components used in Ayurvedic medicine. Phytochem. 2003; 63(1): 97-104.
  600. Nose M, Terawaki K, Oguri K, Ogihara Y, Yoshimatsu K, Shimomura K. Activation of macrophages by crude polysaccharide fractions obtained from shoots of Glycyrrhiza glabra and hairy roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in vitro. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 1998; 21(10): 1110-1112.
  601. Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Ghoreishi MR. The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel. J. Dermatolog. Treat. 2003; 14(3): 153-157.
  602. Marder M, Viola H, Wasowski C, Fernandez S, Medina JH, Paladini AC. 6-methylapigenin and hesperidin: new valeriana flavonoids with activity on the CNS. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2003; 75(3): 537-545.
  603. Huang J, Li H, Yang J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Li, N et al. Chemical components of Vetiveria zizanioides volatiles. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2004; 15(1): 170-172.
  604. Paranich VA, Cherevko O I, Frolova NA, Paranich AV. The effect of wheat germ oil on the antioxidant system of animals. Lik. Sprava. 2000; (2): 40-44.
  605. Ferrando J. Clinical trial of a topical preparation containing urea, sunflower oil, evening primrose oil, wheat germ oil and sodium pyruvate, in several hyperkeratotic skin conditions. Med. Cutan. Ibero. Lat. Am. 1986; 14(2): 133-137.

Dermaxime product range

Statements made on the products, ingredients and general information have not been evaluated by the FDA and should not be seen as health claims. All ingredients used in our products are safe and are in no way banned, controlled or restricted.
All products are manufactured following strict GMP and ISO standards.

home | products | formulations | ordering | shipping | links to other websites
contact us | search | free information | South African Orders

© Copyright Dermaxime (Pty) Ltd 2001 - 2009.

The entire content of this website is copyrighted - including text, photographs, logos, metatags etc., and no part whatsoever may be copied and used - privately, for educational purposes or publishing or for commercial application - without the written permission of Dermaxime (Pty) Ltd.

Our site was last updated on 2 July 2009.