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There sometimes seems to be some confusion regarding what a sunscreen or a sun block does - and although they almost have the same action, there are some major differences.
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A sun block is a preparation applied to the skin, which totally blocks the rays of the sun from reaching the skin and is achieved by either scattering or reflecting the rays away from the skin.
A sunscreen is a preparation which on the other hand absorbs the rays of the sun, and controls the amount of ultra violet radiation reaching the skin. Although not all researchers are of the opinion that sunscreens are beneficial or limit the damaging effects of sun exposure, it definitely does prevent the skin from excessive sunburn and reduces or prevents tanning.
Wear a high SPF factor sunscreen to prevent burning in the sun, but do not use sunscreen lotions on babies under 1 year of age - simply keep babies out of the sun. Babies and toddlers have very sensitive skin, and sun burning at this age can cause permanent damage to such sensitive and vulnerable skins.
When choosing a sunscreen make sure that it is effective for both UVA and UVB - both these types of rays are damaging.
When swimming, re-apply sunscreen regularly, as well as after having a swim.
Ideally apply a sunscreen while still indoors, and at least half an hour before going out into the sun - this will help the sunscreen to settle on your skin.
If you have a sensitive skin, consider using sunblocks containing zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, kaolin or talc - these are normally white colored, rather sticky lotions and creams - on areas that are over-exposed - like your nose, lips, ears, cheekbones, breasts and shoulders - it may not be the best looking sun protection, but is one of the best ways to prevent sun damage and sunburn.
Sunscreens, as stated, do not block the rays of the sun in the way that sunblocks do, but are good to help with sun screening by absorbing some of the UVA and UVB radiation. The active ingredients that are used are compounds such as PABA (Para-aminobenzoic acid), PABA esters, salicylates, anthranilates and benzophenones.
Using a sunscreen with a factor of less than 8 provides very little protection, while a factor of between 8 and 15 only provides moderate protection.
Although sunscreens and sunblocks help with the UVA and UVB radiation, they do little for protecting you against infrared or heat radiation.
This is a form of invisible light, found in sun radiation, and although very little research has been done on this form of radiation, it is thought that it may also contribute to sun damage and photo-aging.
Remember that tanning oils and creams, like cocoa butter or coconut oil, do NOT protect the skin - unless it clearly states on the container that sunscreen protective ingredients have been added.
For more complete information on sun damage, sun tanning and photo-aging, please click this hyperlink.
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